A PDI identifies and manages faults differently depending on whether the pupil is a qualified driver (Full Licence Holder) or a learner nearing test readiness. The core difference lies in the balance between responsibility and the intent of the instruction.
Identifying Faults and Errors.
The methods for spotting errors vary based on the driver's experience and the PDI's prior knowledge of them.
For the Qualified Driver (FLH), since a PDI may have little or no experience with a specific FLH, sources suggest starting with an assessment drive to gauge the PDI's current level of competence. The PDI focuses on identifying lost disciplines (like the MSM routine) or unsafe habits that have developed over time, such as inadequate separation distances or poor observation routines.
For the Test-Ready Learner:
The PDI focuses on identifying "bad habits" often picked up from private practice, an inflated opinion of competence, or a poor understanding of risk. The identification process involves checking if the learner has developed the advanced scanning and planning skills necessary for independent driving. Amount of Support. The level of intervention and shared responsibility shifts significantly between these two groups:
For the Qualified Driver (FLH), the PDI should explicitly state that the pupil assumes full responsibility for safety. Support is minimal and primarily reactive; the PDI may remain quiet to signal confidence, intervening only if they see a risk the driver has missed.
For the Test-Ready Learner:
The PDI is actively working to transfer the balance of responsibility. While the learner is encouraged to take ownership, the PDI remains more "hands-on" in reinforcing systematic routines and ensuring the learner is ready for the formal assessment of competence. Level and Style of Instruction. The nature of the teaching reflects the pupil's status as either a student or a peer: for the Qualified Driver (FLH), instruction must move the pupil forward in their learning rather than merely looking back at basic test requirements.
The PDI must find out exactly what the driver wants—such as motorway skills or refreshing old techniques—and tailor the lesson to those specific goals to ensure the pupil stays engaged.
For the Test-Ready Learner:
The PDI should not over-instruct but rather use tools like practical examples to develop a more "joined-up and outward-looking approach". The instruction focuses on refining competence and strongly encourages reflection to prepare them for life-long learning after the test.

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